{"id":20277,"date":"2026-05-11T07:55:35","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T05:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/?p=20277"},"modified":"2026-05-18T15:30:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T13:30:35","slug":"dbms-or-database-management-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Database Management System: 25 Powerful DBMS Types"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"h-\"><strong><em>A Database Management System (DBMS) is a combination of hardware and software that enables one or more computers or servers to store, organize, and retrieve data efficiently.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, a DBMS handles data storage as well as data processing, security, and integrity. Information is structured in tables, where each row represents an element or object and each column represents an attribute or characteristic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#1-database-management-system-vs-erp-system\" >1. Database Management System vs. ERP System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#2-how-do-database-management-systems-work\" >2. How do Database Management Systems work?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#3-local-dbms-vs-cloud-dbms\" >3. Local DBMS vs. Cloud DBMS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#4-what-are-the-different-types-of-databases\" >4. What are the different types of databases?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#41-relational-databases-rdbms-sql\" >4.1. Relational databases (RDBMS \/ SQL)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#42-hierarchical-databases\" >4.2. Hierarchical databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#43-network-databases\" >4.3. Network databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#44-object-oriented-databases\" >4.4. Object-oriented databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#45-nosql-databases-overview\" >4.5. NoSQL databases (overview)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#46-document-oriented-databases\" >4.6. Document-oriented databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#47-key-value-databases\" >4.7. Key-value databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#48-wide-column-column-family-databases\" >4.8. Wide-column (column-family) databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#49-graph-databases\" >4.9. Graph databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#410-newsql-databases\" >4.10. NewSQL databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#411-columnar-databases\" >4.11. Columnar databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#412-olap-databases-multidimensional-cubes\" >4.12. OLAP databases (multidimensional cubes)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#413-tabular-databases-xvelocity-vertipaq\" >4.13. Tabular databases (xVelocity \/ VertiPaq)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#414-cloud-data-warehouses-modern-olap\" >4.14. Cloud data warehouses (modern OLAP)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#415-real-time-streaming-olap-databases\" >4.15. Real-time \/ streaming OLAP databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#416-time-series-databases\" >4.16. Time-series databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#417-spatial-geographic-databases\" >4.17. Spatial \/ geographic databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#418-vector-databases\" >4.18. Vector databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#419-search-oriented-databases\" >4.19. Search-oriented databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#420-in-memory-databases-general-purpose\" >4.20. In-memory databases (general purpose)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#421-embedded-databases\" >4.21. Embedded databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#422-multi-model-databases\" >4.22. Multi-model databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#423-xml-databases\" >4.23. XML databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#424-rdf-triplestore-databases\" >4.24. RDF \/ triplestore databases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#425-ledger-blockchain-databases\" >4.25. Ledger \/ blockchain databases<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/#conclusion-on-database-management-systems\" >Conclusion on Database Management Systems<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-database-management-system-vs-erp-system\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-database-management-system-vs-erp-system\"><\/span>1. Database Management System vs. ERP System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that manages the storage and retrieval of data. Its role is to ensure that data remains reliable and accessible at all times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is software that manages all of an organization&#8217;s business processes, including product planning, procurement, manufacturing, sales, and customer service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ERP system provides management with insights on company performance, enabling better decision-making. It acts as a source of decisional computing, hosted in a Decision Support System (DSS), also called a Business Intelligence System.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ERPs also rely on Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). In e-commerce transactions, the customer sends a message to the supplier containing product specifications and pricing information \u2014 automatically and transparently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-how-do-database-management-systems-work\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-how-do-database-management-systems-work\"><\/span>2. How do Database Management Systems work?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A database is a collection of information stored in a computer system, structured as tables with rows and columns. The Database Management System organizes the data both physically and logically, similar to how an Excel spreadsheet presents information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The technical architecture of a database management system refers to the physical layout of data storage, including the location of the data on the hard drive or other storage device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast, cloud architecture refers to how data is accessed over a network. Information is distributed across multiple servers and reachable via the Internet or a private network (VPN). This domain is known as Cloud Computing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-local-dbms-vs-cloud-dbms\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-local-dbms-vs-cloud-dbms\"><\/span>3. Local DBMS vs. Cloud DBMS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A local DBMS is installed on servers within the company&#8217;s network and accessible only to its employees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A cloud DBMS is hosted in a cloud provider&#8217;s data centers and reachable over the Internet from any connected device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cloud databases are typically more expensive, since the provider handles infrastructure, maintenance, and support. In return, they offer scalability (handling growing data and users without new hardware), flexibility (customizable to the organization&#8217;s needs), availability (accessible anywhere, anytime), and security (encryption, authentication, and backups).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Local databases are cheaper because there is no third-party infrastructure to pay for. However, they offer limited scalability, flexibility, and availability, and remain confined to the local network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In short, the choice depends on the organization&#8217;s needs and budget: local databases suit small businesses with modest workloads, while cloud databases fit larger organizations with heavier demands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Follow the next article to <a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/etl-or-extract-transform-load\/\">learn more about ETL and data integration<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-sql-server-and-data-tutorials wp-block-embed-sql-server-and-data-tutorials\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"yZd3ooQvXw\"><a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/etl-or-extract-transform-load\/\">ETL or Extract Transform Load<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;ETL or Extract Transform Load&#8221; &#8212; SQL Server and Data Tutorials\" src=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/etl-or-extract-transform-load\/embed\/#?secret=Hpx875sEpI#?secret=yZd3ooQvXw\" data-secret=\"yZd3ooQvXw\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-what-are-the-different-types-of-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-what-are-the-different-types-of-databases\"><\/span>4. What are the different types of databases?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many types for the database management system definition, each with their own advantages and trade-offs. Some store data in tables (relational), others in documents, graphs, cubes, or even raw vectors. The right choice depends on the workload &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/oltp-and-database-transactions\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"9324\">transactional<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/ssas\/molap-multidimensional-online-analytical\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"28896\">analytical<\/a><\/strong>, real-time, search, or AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Relational databases \u2014 also called <a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/oltp-and-database-transactions\/\"><strong>Online Transactional Processing or OLTP databases<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 execute analytical queries more slowly than OLAP systems, but remain more flexible for schema changes. SQL is used to query relational databases, whereas OLAP cubes are queried with Multidimensional Expressions (MDX).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Below is an exhaustive overview of the main database categories and the leading vendors in each.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-1-relational-databases-rdbms-sql\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"41-relational-databases-rdbms-sql\"><\/span>4.1. Relational databases (RDBMS \/ SQL)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Data is organized into tables linked by keys, with strong ACID guarantees and SQL as the standard query language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Commercial: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/database\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oracle Database<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/sql-server\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Microsoft SQL Server<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/products\/db2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IBM Db2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teradata.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Teradata<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Open source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PostgreSQL<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysql.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MySQL<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mariadb.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MariaDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlite.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SQLite<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cloud-native: <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/rds\/aurora\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon Aurora<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/sql\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Cloud SQL<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/products\/azure-sql\/database\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Azure SQL Database<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"502\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/sql-server-create-database.jpg\" alt=\"SQL Server DB Creation Script example for MS Database Management System\" class=\"wp-image-4541\" srcset=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/sql-server-create-database.jpg 502w, https:\/\/expert-only.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/sql-server-create-database-300x104.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>SQL Server DB Creation Script example for MS Database Management System<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-2-hierarchical-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"42-hierarchical-databases\"><\/span>4.2. Hierarchical databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Data is organized in a tree-like structure with parent-child relationships. This model is well-suited for clear hierarchies such as organizational charts or file systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/products\/ims\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IBM IMS<\/a>, Windows Registry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-3-network-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"43-network-databases\"><\/span>4.3. Network databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An evolution of the hierarchical model, where records can have multiple parent-child links, forming a graph-like structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.broadcom.com\/products\/mainframe\/databases-database-mgmt\/idms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IDMS<\/a>, Raima Database Manager<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-4-object-oriented-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"44-object-oriented-databases\"><\/span>4.4. Object-oriented databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Information is stored as objects, which combine both data and methods. Such systems fit applications that require complex data relationships and fast access to data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/db4o.openia.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">db4o<\/a>, ObjectDB, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.actian.com\/databases\/versant\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Versant<\/a>, ZODB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-5-nosql-databases-overview\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"45-nosql-databases-overview\"><\/span>4.5. NoSQL databases (overview)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Designed for large-scale, distributed data storage, NoSQL systems do not rely on the traditional SQL language. They handle unstructured or semi-structured data such as social media posts, log files, and sensor data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NoSQL splits into four main subtypes, detailed in sections 4.6 to 4.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-6-document-oriented-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"46-document-oriented-databases\"><\/span>4.6. Document-oriented databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For the Document oriented database management system type, the records are stored as documents. Typically JSON or BSON, each containing nested keys and values. Such systems are ideal for content management, catalogs, and user profiles. They are used of course by Document Management Specialists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mongodb.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MongoDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Couchbase<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/documentdb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon DocumentDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ravendb.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RavenDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/couchdb.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache CouchDB<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-7-key-value-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"47-key-value-databases\"><\/span>4.7. Key-value databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Information is stored as simple pairs of keys and values, offering very fast lookups. Typical use cases include caching, session management, and real-time analytics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/redis.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Redis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/dynamodb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon DynamoDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/riak.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Riak<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/etcd.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">etcd<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/memcached.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Memcached<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-8-wide-column-column-family-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"48-wide-column-column-family-databases\"><\/span>4.8. Wide-column (column-family) databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Records are organized into rows and dynamic columns grouped into column families. This model scales horizontally and handles huge volumes of data across distributed clusters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cassandra.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache Cassandra<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/hbase.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache HBase<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scylladb.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ScyllaDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/bigtable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Bigtable<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-9-graph-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"49-graph-databases\"><\/span>4.9. Graph databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Information is represented as nodes (entities) and edges (relationships). This structure fits applications such as fraud detection, recommendation engines, and social networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/neo4j.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neo4j<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tigergraph.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TigerGraph<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arangodb.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ArangoDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/neptune\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon Neptune<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/janusgraph.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JanusGraph<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-10-newsql-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"410-newsql-databases\"><\/span>4.10. NewSQL databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A modern category combining the scalability of NoSQL with the ACID guarantees of relational databases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/spanner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Spanner<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cockroachlabs.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CockroachDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yugabyte.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YugabyteDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pingcap.com\/tidb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TiDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.voltactivedata.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VoltDB<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-11-columnar-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"411-columnar-databases\"><\/span>4.11. Columnar databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike row-based systems, columnar databases store values column by column on disk, which dramatically accelerates analytical queries and aggregations. This approach powers most modern data warehouses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/clickhouse.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ClickHouse<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vertica.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vertica<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.monetdb.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MonetDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/druid.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache Druid<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pinot.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache Pinot<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-12-olap-databases-multidimensional-cubes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"412-olap-databases-multidimensional-cubes\"><\/span>4.12. OLAP databases (multidimensional cubes)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Classic <a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/xml-for-analysis-definition-xmla\/\">Online Analytical Processing<\/a> systems based on pre-aggregated multidimensional cubes, queried with MDX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/analysis-services\/multidimensional-models\/multidimensional-models-ssas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SSAS Multidimensional<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/database\/technologies\/essbase.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oracle Essbase<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/database\/technologies\/olap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oracle OLAP Option<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/products\/planning-analytics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IBM Cognos TM1 \/ Planning Analytics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kylin.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache Kylin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/community.hitachivantara.com\/docs\/DOC-1009853\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mondrian (Pentaho)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-13-tabular-databases-xvelocity-vertipaq\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"413-tabular-databases-xvelocity-vertipaq\"><\/span>4.13. Tabular databases (xVelocity \/ VertiPaq)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A Microsoft implementation of columnar in-memory analytics, queried with DAX. The engine is shared across SSAS Tabular, Power BI, and Azure Analysis Services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/analysis-services\/tabular-models\/tabular-models-ssas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SSAS Tabular<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/power-platform\/products\/power-bi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Power BI<\/a> datasets, <a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/products\/analysis-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Azure Analysis Services<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-14-cloud-data-warehouses-modern-olap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"414-cloud-data-warehouses-modern-olap\"><\/span>4.14. Cloud data warehouses (modern OLAP)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Distributed columnar warehouses optimized for analytical SQL queries at petabyte scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snowflake.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Snowflake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/bigquery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google BigQuery<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/redshift\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon Redshift<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/products\/synapse-analytics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Azure Synapse Analytics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.databricks.com\/product\/databricks-sql\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Databricks SQL<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-15-real-time-streaming-olap-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"415-real-time-streaming-olap-databases\"><\/span>4.15. Real-time \/ streaming OLAP databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Built for low-latency analytics over high-velocity event streams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/druid.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache Druid<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pinot.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache Pinot<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/materialize.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Materialize<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/risingwave.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RisingWave<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/rockset.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rockset<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-16-time-series-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"416-time-series-databases\"><\/span>4.16. Time-series databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Optimized for time-stamped data points such as IoT sensor readings, server metrics, or financial market data. High-volume writes and efficient time-range queries are core features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.influxdata.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InfluxDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.timescale.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TimescaleDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/prometheus.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prometheus<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/questdb.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">QuestDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kx.com\/products\/kdb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kdb+<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/opentsdb.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenTSDB<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-17-spatial-geographic-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"417-spatial-geographic-databases\"><\/span>4.17. Spatial \/ geographic databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Built to store and query geographic and geometric data \u2014 maps, locations, routes \u2014 powering GIS, logistics, and location-based services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/postgis.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PostGIS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/database\/spatial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oracle Spatial<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/sql\/relational-databases\/spatial\/spatial-data-sql-server\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SQL Server Spatial<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/arcgis\/about-arcgis\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Esri ArcGIS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mongodb.com\/docs\/manual\/geospatial-queries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MongoDB geospatial<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-18-vector-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"418-vector-databases\"><\/span>4.18. Vector databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A newer category designed to store and search high-dimensional vector embeddings produced by machine learning models. Vector databases power semantic search, recommendation systems, and AI \/ RAG applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pinecone.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pinecone<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/milvus.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Milvus<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/weaviate.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weaviate<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/qdrant.tech\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qdrant<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.trychroma.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chroma<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pgvector\/pgvector\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pgvector<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-19-search-oriented-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"419-search-oriented-databases\"><\/span>4.19. Search-oriented databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Specialized engines built for full-text search, faceted navigation, and log analytics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/elasticsearch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elasticsearch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/opensearch.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenSearch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/solr.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache Solr<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.algolia.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Algolia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/typesense.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Typesense<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.meilisearch.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meilisearch<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-20-in-memory-databases-general-purpose\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"420-in-memory-databases-general-purpose\"><\/span>4.20. In-memory databases (general purpose)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Data is held in RAM rather than on disk, which removes I\/O overhead and enables real-time processing for financial systems, online gaming, and live analytics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Commercial: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sap.com\/products\/technology-platform\/hana.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SAP HANA<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/database\/technologies\/related\/timesten.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oracle TimesTen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/database\/technologies\/in-memory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oracle Database In-Memory<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlestore.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SingleStore<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kx.com\/products\/kdb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kdb+<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/sql\/relational-databases\/in-memory-oltp\/overview-and-usage-scenarios\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SQL Server In-Memory OLTP<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Open source: <a href=\"https:\/\/redis.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Redis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/memcached.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Memcached<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ignite.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache Ignite<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/hazelcast.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hazelcast<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.voltactivedata.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VoltDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aerospike.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aerospike<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/duckdb.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DuckDB<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cloud-managed: <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/elasticache\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon ElastiCache<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/memorydb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon MemoryDB for Redis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/memorystore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Memorystore<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-21-embedded-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"421-embedded-databases\"><\/span>4.21. Embedded databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lightweight engines that run inside an application process rather than as a separate server. Common in mobile apps, IoT devices, and edge computing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlite.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SQLite<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/duckdb.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DuckDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/rocksdb.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RocksDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/google\/leveldb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LevelDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/database\/technologies\/related\/berkeleydb.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeley DB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.h2database.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">H2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-22-multi-model-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"422-multi-model-databases\"><\/span>4.22. Multi-model databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A single engine supporting several data models &#8211; document, key-value, graph, relational &#8211; within the same system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arangodb.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ArangoDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/orientdb.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OrientDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Couchbase<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/products\/cosmos-db\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Azure Cosmos DB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fauna.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FaunaDB<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-23-xml-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"423-xml-databases\"><\/span>4.23. XML databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, what is a Database with an &#8220;XML&#8221; type? It is more and more used these days, ans it is specialized in storing, querying, and indexing <strong>XML documents<\/strong> using XQuery and XPath.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/basex.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BaseX<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/exist-db.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eXist-db<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.progress.com\/marklogic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MarkLogic<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-24-rdf-triplestore-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"424-rdf-triplestore-databases\"><\/span>4.24. RDF \/ triplestore databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Built for semantic web data stored as RDF triples (subject-predicate-object) and queried with SPARQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jena.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apache Jena TDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/virtuoso.openlinksw.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virtuoso<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/graphdb.ontotext.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GraphDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stardog.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stardog<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-25-ledger-blockchain-databases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"425-ledger-blockchain-databases\"><\/span>4.25. Ledger \/ blockchain databases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now let&#8217;s talk about the <a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/cryptocurrency-mining-definition\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"20292\"><strong>Cryptocurrencies<\/strong><\/a>, they also use a particular type of Database Management System. It is Immutable, cryptographically verifiable databases used for audit trails and decentralized applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/qldb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon QLDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hyperledger.org\/projects\/fabric\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hyperledger Fabric<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bigchaindb.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BigchainDB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/immudb.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immudb<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/xml-for-analysis-definition-xmla\/\">Learn more about XML for Analysis (XMLA)<\/a>, wich is a language especially useful for the <a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/ssas\/tabular-model-error-occured-while-opening\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8744\">SSAS Tabular<\/a> Model developpers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-sql-server-and-data-tutorials wp-block-embed-sql-server-and-data-tutorials\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"RWduVsG7ft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/xml-for-analysis-definition-xmla\/\">XML for Analysis Definition (XMLA)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;XML for Analysis Definition (XMLA)&#8221; &#8212; SQL Server and Data Tutorials\" src=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/xml-for-analysis-definition-xmla\/embed\/#?secret=AdK6c9Brg3#?secret=RWduVsG7ft\" data-secret=\"RWduVsG7ft\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion-on-database-management-systems\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"conclusion-on-database-management-systems\"><\/span>Conclusion on Database Management Systems<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A Database Management System (DBMS) allows organizations to store, manage, and retrieve data efficiently, while keeping it reliable, secure, and accessible at all times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The goal of this article was to understand what is a database, in the broader way as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The database landscape has expanded far beyond traditional relational systems. Today&#8217;s stack ranges from OLTP and OLAP engines to NoSQL, NewSQL, time-series, vector, and ledger databases &#8211; each tailored to specific workloads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When selecting a DBMS, key factors include the industry and business needs of the organization, the volume and shape of the data, the financial budget, and the skills and experience of the IT team.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>A Database Management System (DBMS) is a combination of hardware and software that enables one or more computers or servers to store, organize, and retrieve data efficiently. In practice, a DBMS handles data storage as well as data processing, <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/concepts\/dbms-or-database-management-system\/\" title=\"Database Management System: 25 Powerful DBMS Types\">&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[499],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-20277","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-concepts"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20277"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31274,"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20277\/revisions\/31274"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}