{"id":29451,"date":"2023-11-24T07:53:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T06:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/?p=29451"},"modified":"2023-11-24T08:05:03","modified_gmt":"2023-11-24T07:05:03","slug":"list-files-and-folders-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/list-files-and-folders-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"How to list files and folders in Linux ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In Linux, the ability to list files and folders is a basic yet essential skill for file system navigation and management. Unlike Windows, which uses the dir command in its command-line interface, Linux utilizes a different set of commands in its terminal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These commands are integral for effective file management and system organization. Automation and scripting make these tasks efficient, especially in directories with a large number of files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux was invented by Linus Torvald, he also created a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linuxfoundation.org\/blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">foundation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/list-files-and-folders-in-linux\/#1-basic-file-listing-using-ls-command\" >1. Basic file listing using ls command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/list-files-and-folders-in-linux\/#2-advanced-options-for-listing-files-in-linux\" >2. Advanced options for listing files in Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/list-files-and-folders-in-linux\/#3-examples-of-scripts-using-ls-for-file-listing\" >3. Examples of scripts using ls for file listing<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/list-files-and-folders-in-linux\/#31-display-files-with-specific-details\" >3.1 Display files with specific details<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/list-files-and-folders-in-linux\/#32-recursively-list-files-in-linux-subdirectories\" >3.2 Recursively list files in Linux subdirectories<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/list-files-and-folders-in-linux\/#33-list-files-with-a-specific-extension\" >3.3 List files with a specific extension<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/list-files-and-folders-in-linux\/#34-combine-ls-options-for-detailed-output\" >3.4 Combine ls options for detailed output<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/list-files-and-folders-in-linux\/#listing-files-and-folders-in-linux-is-a-necessary-skill\" >Listing files and folders in Linux is a necessary skill<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-basic-file-listing-using-ls-command\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-basic-file-listing-using-ls-command\"><\/span>1. Basic file listing using ls command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>ls<\/code> command is fundamental in Linux for listing contents of directories. By default, it displays all files and folders in the current directory. Here are some details it can show:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>File and directory names.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>File types: indicated by symbols like <code>-<\/code> for files and <code>d<\/code> for directories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>File permissions and the number of links.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Owner and group of the files.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>File size.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Last modification date and time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This bash command below will also show the total number of files and folders, similar to t<a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/ms-dos\/list-files-in-folder-with-cmd\/\">he dir command in Windows<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">ls<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-advanced-options-for-listing-files-in-linux\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-advanced-options-for-listing-files-in-linux\"><\/span>2. Advanced options for listing files in Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>ls<\/code> command offers various advanced options for a more tailored output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>-a: Include hidden files (those starting with .) in the listing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-l: Use a long listing format to view detailed file information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-R: Recursively list subdirectories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-h: Show file sizes in a human-readable format (e.g., KB, MB).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8211;sort=size: Sort files by size.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>*.ext: List files with a specific extension (e.g., ls *.txt).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You can combine these options for more specific needs, such as <strong>ls -lR<\/strong> to list all files and directories recursively with detailed information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-examples-of-scripts-using-ls-for-file-listing\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-examples-of-scripts-using-ls-for-file-listing\"><\/span>3. Examples of scripts using ls for file listing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-1-display-files-with-specific-details\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31-display-files-with-specific-details\"><\/span>3.1 Display files with specific details<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This example will list files in a detailed format, showing permissions, number of links, owner, size, and modification date:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">ls -l<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-2-recursively-list-files-in-linux-subdirectories\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32-recursively-list-files-in-linux-subdirectories\"><\/span>3.2 Recursively list files in Linux subdirectories<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This script will list all files and directories, including those in subdirectories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">ls -R<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-3-list-files-with-a-specific-extension\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33-list-files-with-a-specific-extension\"><\/span>3.3 List files with a specific extension<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To display files with a specific extension (e.g., <code>.txt<\/code>), use:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">ls *.txt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-4-combine-ls-options-for-detailed-output\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"34-combine-ls-options-for-detailed-output\"><\/span>3.4 Combine ls options for detailed output<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To list <code>.txt<\/code> files with detailed information, including those in subdirectories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">ls -lR *.txt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-listing-files-and-folders-in-linux-is-a-necessary-skill\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"listing-files-and-folders-in-linux-is-a-necessary-skill\"><\/span>Listing files and folders in Linux is a necessary skill<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>From a personal point of view, we often get used to list files using GUI, especially with Windows. But when you start using Linux, you realize how quick and efficient it is to list files using scripts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ls command in Linux is a versatile tool for managing and listing files and folders. It allows for example to perform listings, including attributes like file permissions, owner, size, and modification date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The command is also flexible, especially when combined with various options. It makes it an invaluable tool for Linux users. Whether for automating tasks or viewing of directory contents, the ls bash command is a precious command in the Linux toolkit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To explore further, consider learning about <a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/how-to-copy-files-and-folders-in-linux\/\"><strong>file operations like copying files using commands like cp<\/strong><\/a> and moving files with mv in Linux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-wp-embed is-provider-sql-and-it-tutorials wp-block-embed-sql-and-it-tutorials\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"nt1R7arF1u\"><a href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/how-to-copy-files-and-folders-in-linux\/\">How to copy files and folders in Linux ?<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;How to copy files and folders in Linux ?&#8221; &#8212; SQL and IT Tutorials\" src=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/how-to-copy-files-and-folders-in-linux\/embed\/#?secret=P2KwqURCDW#?secret=nt1R7arF1u\" data-secret=\"nt1R7arF1u\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>In Linux, the ability to list files and folders is a basic yet essential skill for file system navigation and management. Unlike Windows, which uses the dir command in its command-line interface, Linux utilizes a different set of commands <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/expert-only.com\/en\/linux\/list-files-and-folders-in-linux\/\" title=\"How to list files and folders in Linux ?\">&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10699,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[691],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-29451","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-linux"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v26.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to list files and folders in Linux ? 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